The innovation of EDM (Electro Discharge Machining) has actually been around for more than 100 years. It was first found by an American, Joseph Henry. This process is a really efficient and precise approach of cutting, drilling and engraving metals. The primary advantage of using this technique is that it does not require heat or pressure to cut through products.
There are many types of EDM machines which are offered in the market. Handbook EDM is mainly used for little tasks where there is no requirement for high accuracy.
Automatic EDM machines are generally used in big scale jobs where there is a requirement for high accuracy. One of the most essential advantages of EDM over other machining procedures is that it is less susceptible to mistakes and can provide much better precision.
EDM machines are generally based upon two innovations, wire discharge machining and electrochemical machining. The former involves melting the metal and after that removing it from the electrode through the action of electric current. The latter uses chain reaction in between the electrode and the workpiece to get rid of the metal.
Wire EDM is among the best methods for carrying out the above discussed jobs. The procedure includes placing a wire with diameter in between 1 and 20 microns into a machining cell. The wire acts like a cutting tool and gets rid of material from the workpiece. This procedure is really similar to wire cutting except that the wire is moving. In this case the wire acts like a torch. The speed of the wire identifies the quality of the cut. The speed of the wire is in between 5 to 25 m/s. A common wire size is about 1.5 micron. This wire needs to be versatile and must be able to flex quickly.
In the case of air, the workpiece is positioned inside a vacuum chamber and then the wire is fed into the chamber. The workpiece is placed in the tank and the wire is inserted into the water.
In addition to these, there are numerous other elements which determine the quality of the cut. Some of them are:
• The voltage applied to the electrode
• The kind of wire being utilized
• The kind of workpiece being used
• The distance in between the wire and the workpiece
• The type of dielectric fluid being utilized
• The frequency of the electrical current
• The type of tool holder
• The temperature of the wire
The above pointed out aspects impact the efficiency of the device. Hence, in order to get great results, it is very important to understand the standard principles of EDM.
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